Cognitive Load Theory
Scientific citation: Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science.
Scientific Definition
The framework explaining how working memory handles information during learning and execution. Working memory has a strictly limited capacity, divided into intrinsic load (task complexity), extraneous load (poor UI / distraction clutter), and germane load (deep processing). Excessive extraneous load causes cognitive overload and decision paralysis.
Historical Origin
Formulated by educational psychologist John Sweller in 1988. Sweller proved that when instructional or operational interfaces present too many simultaneous visual elements or choices, working memory capacity becomes saturated, preventing problem-solving and task execution.
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